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Group-IB: ransomware empire prospers in pandemic-hit world. Reports by researchers estimate that ransomware attacks alone in 2020 grew over 150 percent and have netted attackers over 350 million dollars. This also means that the rate and volume of attacks necessarily increases as the number of affiliates grows. For the developers, the money comes through scalability, giving them time to refine their service rather than hunting for victims. Using a sort of franchise model, affiliates earn a hefty sum of the ransom while paying the ransomware authors a percentage of their gains. This maturing strategy allows vetted “affiliates” to conduct attacks, rather than the organization that developed the malware.
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It is also worth mentioning that their tradecraft has improved, from the basic social engineering techniques via spearphishing or pirated software still used by low-level criminals, to new advanced strategies where, by the time a ransomware attack is launched, the threat actor has already been inside the victim’s network, undiscovered and undetected, sometimes for months before striking.Īnother compounding factor is the new RaaS model. In addition to the ongoing efforts of targeting random indiscriminate individuals and their machines, criminals are increasingly targeting major organizations and their entire environment, thereby causing noticeable disruptions. It is because attacks are becoming more brazen, and victims and the impact of an attack are increasingly high profile. So, how is it that it is still making headlines? From the first mass ransomware attacks that displayed various law enforcement logos to the victim (based on what locale the victim was in) demanding payment in prepaid credit cards (Reventon – 2012), to the first payments made in Bitcoin cryptocurrency (Cryptolocker -2013), and now, Ransomware-as-a-Service (GandCrab - 2018), it has become almost commonplace. Ransomware in its current form (lock screen, payment in cryptocurrency, etc.) has been around for almost a decade, and yet still makes media headlines.
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Although other files and documents were released, this support manual contains information for “affiliates” and offers a rare glimpse into the Ransomware-as-a-Service world. The primary focus of the following analysis will be on the Conti support manual, titled “ CobaltStrike Manuals_V2 Active Directory.” It will touch on several interesting observations lifted from the manual. So, their modus operandi is not just ransom, but extortion by providing proof that valuable data has been exfiltrated. In that attack, not only were services disrupted and brought to a halt, but database servers (SQL) and over 700GB of PII was downloaded and exfiltrated by the threat actors. The Conti ransomware group, in operation for over a year, operates a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) that has been connected to multiple attacks, including a recent high-profile attack on the Irish Health Service that caused a massive disruption to services. Because of this leak, we have been given a sneak peek into the operations of a Ransomware operation from the affiliate perspective.
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Contained within this leak are zipped password protected files, operational how to documents, and other reference files created by the group for affiliates. However, a disgruntled self-proclaimed “pentester” of the Conti group recently leaked various insider files to the public. Prior to these attacks, the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) of threat actors were discovered either by forensic analysis conducted by incident response teams or via static analysis of the malware itself. And the one that targeted managed service provider Kaseya VSA (REvil) was a supply chain attack which resulted in downstream customers being impacted with ransomware attacks. The one on JBS Foods in Brazil (REvil) led to concerns about a potential global meat shortage.
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The attack on Colonial Pipeline (Darkside) caused a disruption in the distribution of oil and gasoline across the East coast on the United States (ironically, it was the billing system taken offline and not OT devices controlling the supply). Ransomware has dominated the media headlines for the first half of 2021.